Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Effects of Microparticle Size and Fc Density on Macrophage Phagocytosis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060989

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Carboxylated polystyrene microparticles are first incubated with a BSA solution to ensure the BSA antigen is adsorbed onto the microparticle surface. (B) Varying amounts of sheep anti-BSA IgG was then added corresponding to a specific ratio of IgG to antigen. This process ensures external presentation of the Fc portion of the antibody molecule and was repeated for each microparticle size.

Article Snippet: Carboxylated yellow-green fluorescent polystyrene microparticles were purchased from Polysciences (Warrington, PA).

Techniques: Incubation

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Effects of Microparticle Size and Fc Density on Macrophage Phagocytosis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060989

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Average number of microparticles per cell for each particle size for the various Fc density conditions. (†- Significantly different (SD) from 1∶1, ‡- SD from 1∶2, ♦- SD from BSA Only, with p<0.05). These values were also illustrated through fluorescent microscopy by comparing images taken of RAW264.7 macrophages incubated with Fc functionalized particles. (B) Representative images for each size with the maximum Fc density ratio of 1∶1. (C) Representative images for each size with the minimum Fc density ratio of 1∶50. Scale bar represents 20 µm. (N = 4).

Article Snippet: Carboxylated yellow-green fluorescent polystyrene microparticles were purchased from Polysciences (Warrington, PA).

Techniques: Microscopy, Incubation

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Effects of Microparticle Size and Fc Density on Macrophage Phagocytosis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060989

Figure Lengend Snippet: Average calculated volume and surface area of microparticles internalized for the maximum Fc condition of 1∶1 for each particle size. (N = 4) The results for each particle size are significantly different from each other (p<0.01).

Article Snippet: Carboxylated yellow-green fluorescent polystyrene microparticles were purchased from Polysciences (Warrington, PA).

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Effects of Microparticle Size and Fc Density on Macrophage Phagocytosis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060989

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The attachment of particles to macrophages does not have a strong dependence on microparticles size and Fc density. (B) The internalization of particles by macrophages is highly dependent on microparticle size and Fc density with an overall trend of the average number of internalized particles decreasing as microparticle size increases and Fc density decreases.

Article Snippet: Carboxylated yellow-green fluorescent polystyrene microparticles were purchased from Polysciences (Warrington, PA).

Techniques:

Journal: Plants

Article Title: Interacting Effects of Heat and Nanoplastics Affect Wheat ( Triticum turgidum L.) Seedling Growth and Physiology

doi: 10.3390/plants14152426

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cross hand sections of T. turgidum seedling roots after 7 days of imbibition. Seedlings were incubated in water at 25 °C ( a – c ) and 35 °C ( g – i ), and in the presence of polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) at 25 °C ( d – f ) and 35 °C ( j – l ). Representative root sections are shown for green fluorescence of NPs ( a , d , g , j ); in situ detection of hydrogen peroxide using Amplex Red staining ( b , e , h , k ); and of lipid peroxidation using BODIPY staining ( c , f , i , l ). Scale bars = 150 μm.

Article Snippet: The experimental design included control groups consisting of pots containing only deionized water (C 25 °C and C 35 °C), and treatment groups containing an aqueous suspension of green fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles (NPS, nominal size 30 nm; Fisher Scientific S.A.S., Illkirc, France) at a concentration of 50 mg L −1 (NP 25 °C and NP 35 °C).

Techniques: Incubation, Fluorescence, In Situ, Staining

Journal: Plants

Article Title: Interacting Effects of Heat and Nanoplastics Affect Wheat ( Triticum turgidum L.) Seedling Growth and Physiology

doi: 10.3390/plants14152426

Figure Lengend Snippet: Polystyrene nanoparticles fluorescence intensity in root tissues of T. turgidum seedlings grown at 25 °C or 35 °C in water (C 25 °C, C 35 °C) or in the presence of polystyrene nanoplastics (NP 25 °C, NP 35 °C). Data are reported as mean ± standard error of at least four replicates. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences at p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The experimental design included control groups consisting of pots containing only deionized water (C 25 °C and C 35 °C), and treatment groups containing an aqueous suspension of green fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles (NPS, nominal size 30 nm; Fisher Scientific S.A.S., Illkirc, France) at a concentration of 50 mg L −1 (NP 25 °C and NP 35 °C).

Techniques: Fluorescence

Journal: Plants

Article Title: Interacting Effects of Heat and Nanoplastics Affect Wheat ( Triticum turgidum L.) Seedling Growth and Physiology

doi: 10.3390/plants14152426

Figure Lengend Snippet: Leaf tips of T. turgidum seedling after 7 days of imbibition. Seedlings were incubated in water at 25 °C ( a , e ) and 35 °C ( b , f ), and in the presence of polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) at 25 °C ( c , g ) and at 35 °C ( d , h ). Representative leaf tips are shown for histochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide using DAB staining ( a – d ) and of lipid peroxidation using Schiff’s reagent staining ( e – h ). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Article Snippet: The experimental design included control groups consisting of pots containing only deionized water (C 25 °C and C 35 °C), and treatment groups containing an aqueous suspension of green fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles (NPS, nominal size 30 nm; Fisher Scientific S.A.S., Illkirc, France) at a concentration of 50 mg L −1 (NP 25 °C and NP 35 °C).

Techniques: Incubation, Staining